Swift包含了74个内置函数,但在 The Swift Programming Langage 一书中只介绍了其中的7个,其它的都没有在文档中体现。
这篇文章列举出了所有的Swift库函数。文中所谓的 内置函数 是指无需引入任何模块(比如说Fundation等)即可以直接使用的函数。
下面先来看看7个在文档中提到的库函数:
下面列出一些很实用,但未在文档中体现的库函数:
//断言,参数如果为`true`则继续,否则抛出异常 //assert mentioned on page 55 assert(true) //计算序列的元素个数 // countElements mentioned on page 79 countElements("foo") == 3 //返回一个新的序列,其中每个元素是一个元组, //第一个值为原来元素所在的位置`index`,第二个为原来序列中的元素 // enumerate mentioned on page 94 for (i, j) in enumerate(["A", "B"]) { // "0:A", "1:B" will be printed println("(i):(j)") } //返回所有参数中的最小值 // min mentioned on page 246 min(8, 2, 3) == 2 //打印 // print mentioned on page 85 print("Hello ") //打印(带换行) // println mentioned on page 4 println("World") //排序 // sort mentioned on page 14 for i in sort(["B", "A"]) { // "A", "B" will be printed println(i) }
abs(signedNumber):返回数字的绝对值
abs(-1) == 1 abs(-42) == 42 abs(42) == 42
contains(sequence, element):如果某个序列sequence(比如说一个数组)包含指定的元素element,则返回true,否则返回false。
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] contains(languages, "Swift") == true contains(languages, "Java") == false contains([29, 85, 42, 96, 75], 42) == true
dropFirst(sequence):返回一个去掉了首个元素的、新的序列(比如一个新数组)。
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] var oldLanguages = dropFirst(languages) equal(oldLanguages, ["Objective-C"]) == true
dropLast(sequence):返回一个去掉了最后一个元素的、新的序列(比如一个新数组)。
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] var newLanguages = dropLast(languages) equal(newLanguages, ["Swift"]) == true
dump(object):打印出某个对象object的所有信息
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] dump(languages) // Prints: // ▿ 2 elements // - [0]: Swift // - [1]: Objective-C
equal(sequence1, sequence2):判断两个序列是否相等
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] equal(languages, ["Swift", "Objective-C"]) == true var oldLanguages = dropFirst(languages) equal(oldLanguages, ["Objective-C"]) == true
filter(sequence, includeElementClosure):对序列sequence中每个元素都执行includeElementClosure闭包,并将所有闭包结果为true的元素合成一个新序列sequence并返回。
for i in filter(1...100, { $0 % 10 == 0 }) { // 10, 20, 30, ... println(i) assert(contains([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100], i)) }
find(sequence, element):返回序列sequence中某元素element的位置index。如果序列中不存在此元素,则返回nil。
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] find(languages, "Objective-C") == 1 find(languages, "Java") == nil find([29, 85, 42, 96, 75], 42) == 2
indices(sequence):返回序列sequence中所有元素的位置(indices是index的复数)
equal(indices([29, 85, 42]), [0, 1, 2]) for i in indices([29, 85, 42]) { // 0, 1, 2 println(i) }
join(separator, sequence):将序列sequence通过分隔符separator连成一个字符串,并返回此字符串。
join(":", ["A", "B", "C"]) == "A:B:C" var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] join("/", languages) == "Swift/Objective-C"
map(sequence, transformClosure):对序列sequence中每个元素都执行includeElementClosure闭包,并将所有闭包的结果合成一个新序列sequence并返回。
equal(map(1...3, { $0 * 5 }), [5, 10, 15]) for i in map(1...10, { $0 * 10 }) { // 10, 20, 30, ... println(i) assert(contains([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100], i)) }
max(comparable1, comparable2, etc.):返回参数中的最大值。
max(0, 1) == 1 max(8, 2, 3) == 8
maxElement(sequence):返回序列sequence中的最大值。
maxElement(1...10) == 10 var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] maxElement(languages) == "Swift"
minElements(sequence):返回序列sequence中的最小值。
minElement(1...10) == 1 var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] minElement(languages) == "Objective-C"
reduce(sequence, initial, combineClosure):给定一个序列sequence,以及一个初始值initial,然后将initial和序列里的第1个元素作为参数传入combineClosure中进行运算,得到的结果保存到initial;然后再将initial和第2个元素传入combineClosure中计算,结果保存到initial;重复计算直到所有sequence中的元素都计算完毕,并返回最终的initial值。
var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] reduce(languages, "", { $0 + $1 }) == "SwiftObjective-C" reduce([10, 20, 5], 1, { $0 * $1 }) == 1000
reverse(sequence):返回逆序的序列sequence。
equal(reverse([1, 2, 3]), [3, 2, 1]) for i in reverse([1, 2, 3]) { // 3, 2, 1 println(i) }
startsWith(sequence1, sequence2):如果序列sequence1中开头的元素跟序列sequence2中的所有元素都相等,则返回true,否则返回false。
startsWith("foobar", "foo") == true startsWith(10..100, 10..15) == true var languages = ["Swift", "Objective-C"] startsWith(languages, ["Swift"]) == true
上面提到的函数是我认为在Swift编程中会经常用到的函数。
完整74个内置函数:
abs(...) advance(...) alignof(...) alignofValue(...) assert(...) bridgeFromObjectiveC(...) bridgeFromObjectiveCUnconditional(...) bridgeToObjectiveC(...) bridgeToObjectiveCUnconditional(...) c_malloc_size(...) c_memcpy(...) c_putchar(...) contains(...) count(...) countElements(...) countLeadingZeros(...) debugPrint(...) debugPrintln(...) distance(...) dropFirst(...) dropLast(...) dump(...) encodeBitsAsWords(...) enumerate(...) equal(...) filter(...) find(...) getBridgedObjectiveCType(...) getVaList(...) indices(...) insertionSort(...) isBridgedToObjectiveC(...) isBridgedVerbatimToObjectiveC(...) isUniquelyReferenced(...) join(...) lexicographicalCompare(...) map(...) max(...) maxElement(...) min(...) minElement(...) numericCast(...) partition(...) posix_read(...) posix_write(...) print(...) println(...) quickSort(...) reduce(...) reflect(...) reinterpretCast(...) reverse(...) roundUpToAlignment(...) sizeof(...) sizeofValue(...) sort(...) split(...) startsWith(...) strideof(...) strideofValue(...) swap(...) swift_MagicMirrorData_summaryImpl(...) swift_bufferAllocate(...) swift_keepAlive(...) toString(...) transcode(...) underestimateCount(...) unsafeReflect(...) withExtendedLifetime(...) withObjectAtPlusZero(...) withUnsafePointer(...) withUnsafePointerToObject(...) withUnsafePointers(...) withVaList(...)
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